The Mysterious Affair at Styles

The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a detective novel by Agatha Christie. It was written in 1916 and was first published by John Lane in the United States in October 1920 and in the United Kingdom by The Bodley Head (John Lane's UK company) on 21 January 1921. The U.S. edition retailed at US $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6).

Styles was Christie's first published novel, introducing Hercule Poirot, Inspector (later, Chief Inspector) Japp, and Lieutenant Hastings (later, Captain). The story is told in first person by Hastings and features many of the elements that have become icons of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, largely due to Christie's influence. It is set in a large, isolated country manor. There are a half-dozen suspects, most of whom are hiding facts about themselves. The book includes maps of the house, the murder scene, and a drawing of a fragment of a will, as well as a number of red herrings and surprise plot twists.

Synopsis
After being wounded, Arthur Hastings spends some time at Styles Court, the home of his friend John Cavendish. While there he meets a refugee from Belgium Hercule Poirot.

Plot summary
(may contain spoilers - click on expand to read) The novel is set in England during World War I at Styles Court, an Essex country manor (also the setting of Curtain, Poirot's last case). Upon her husband's death, the wealthy widow, Emily Cavendish, inherited a life estate in Styles as well as the outright inheritance of the larger part of the late Mr. Cavendish's income. Mrs. Cavendish became Mrs. Inglethorp upon her recent remarriage to a much younger man, Alfred Inglethorp. Emily's two stepsons, John and Lawrence Cavendish, as well as John's wife Mary and several other people, also live at Styles. John Cavendish is the vested remainderman of Styles; that is, the property will pass to him automatically upon his stepmother's decease, as per his late father's will. The income left to Mrs Inglethorp by her late husband would be distributed as per Mrs. Inglethorp's own will.

Late one night, the residents of Styles wake to find Emily Inglethorp dying of what proves to be strychnine poisoning. Lieutenant Hastings, a houseguest, enlists the help of his friend Hercule Poirot, who is staying in the nearby village, Styles St. Mary. Poirot pieces together events surrounding the murder. On the day she was killed, Emily Inglethorp was overheard arguing with someone, most likely her husband, Alfred, or her stepson, John. Afterwards, she seemed quite distressed and, apparently, made a new will — which no one can find. She ate little at dinner and retired early to her room with her document case. The case was later forced open by someone and a document removed. Alfred Inglethorp left Styles earlier in the evening and stayed overnight in the nearby village, so was not present when the poisoning occurred. Nobody can explain how or when the strychnine was administered to Mrs. Inglethorp.

At first, Alfred is the prime suspect. He has the most to gain financially from his wife's death, and, since he is so much younger than Emily was, the Cavendishes already suspect him as a fortune hunter. Evelyn Howard, Emily's companion, seems to hate him most of all. His behaviour, too, is suspicious; he openly purchased strychnine in the village before Emily was poisoned, and although he denies it, he refuses to provide an alibi. The police are keen to arrest him, but Poirot intervenes by proving he could not have purchased the poison. Scotland Yard police later arrest Emily Inglethorp’s oldest stepson, John Cavendish. He inherits under the terms of her will, and there is evidence to suggest he also had obtained poison.

Poirot clears Cavendish by proving it was, after all, Alfred Inglethorp who committed the crime, assisted by Evelyn Howard, who turns out to be his kissing cousin, not his enemy. The guilty pair poisoned Emily by adding a precipitating agent, bromide (obtained from Mrs Inglethorp's sleeping powder), to her regular evening medicine, causing its normally innocuous strychnine constituents to sink to the bottom of the bottle where they were finally consumed in a single, lethal dose. Their plan had been for Alfred Inglethorp to incriminate himself with false evidence, which could then be refuted at his trial. Once acquitted, due to double jeopardy, he could not be tried for the crime a second time should any genuine evidence against him be subsequently discovered, hence prompting Poirot to keep him out of prison when he realized that Alfred wanted to be arrested.

Styles Court, Leastways Cottage

 * Lieutenant Hastings, the narrator, on sick leave from the Western Front
 * Hercule Poirot, a famous Belgian detective displaced by the war to England; Hastings' old friend
 * Emily Inglethorp, mistress of Styles, a wealthy old woman
 * Alfred Inglethorp, her much younger new husband, thought to be a spoiled fortune-hunter
 * John Cavendish, her elder stepson and remainderman to Styles
 * Mary Cavendish, John's ex-wife
 * Lawrence Cavendish, John's younger brother
 * Evelyn Howard, Mrs. Inglethorp's companion
 * Cynthia Murdoch, the beautiful, orphaned daughter of a friend of the family
 * Dorcas, a maid at Styles
 * Manning, gardener
 * Annie, maid
 * William Earl - under-gardener
 * Baily
 * Elizabeth Wells

Police and Officers of the law

 * Superintendent Summerhaye
 * Inspector Japp of Scotland Yard
 * Sir Ernest Heavyweather, KC, the defence of John Cavendish
 * Mr Philips, KC, prosecuter for the Crown

Styles St Mary and Tadminster

 * Dr Bauerstein, a suspicious toxicologist and a smuggler
 * Mr Raikes, a farmer
 * Mrs Raikes, his wife
 * Dr Wilkins, local physician
 * Mr Wells, lawyer
 * Nibs, pharmacist
 * Mrs Rolleston
 * Lady Tadminster, the sister of Mrs Rolleston
 * Denby
 * Amy Hill

Research notes

 * Chapter XIII: "This attitude of his gave me furiously to think...." This is probably the first time this iconic phrase is used.

Book dedication
The book's dedication reads: "To my Mother"

Christie's mother, Clarissa ("Clara") Boehmer Miller (1854–1926), was a strong influence on her life and someone to whom Christie was extremely close, especially after the death of her father in 1901. It was whilst Christie was ill (in about 1908) that her mother suggested that she write a story. The result was The House of Beauty, now a lost work but one which hesitantly started her writing career. Christie later revised this story as The House of Dreams, and it was published in issue 74 of The Sovereign Magazine in January 1926 and many years later, in 1997, in book form within While the Light Lasts and Other Stories.

Christie also dedicated her debut novel as Mary Westmacott, Giant's Bread (1930), to her mother who, by that time, had died.

Literary significance and reception
(long section - click on expand to read) The Times Literary Supplement of February 3, 1921, gave the book an extremely enthusiastic, if short, review, which stated: "The only fault this story has is that it is almost too ingenious." It went on to describe the basic set-up of the plot and concluded: "It is said to be the author's first book, and the result of a bet about the possibility of writing a detective story in which the reader would not be able to spot the criminal. Every reader must admit that the bet was won."

The New York Times Book Review of December 26, 1920, was also impressed: "Though this may be the first published book of Miss Agatha Christie, she betrays the cunning of an old hand … You must wait for the last-but-one chapter in the book for the last link in the chain of evidence that enabled Mr. Poirot to unravel the whole complicated plot and lay the guilt where it really belonged. And you may safely make a wager with yourself that until you have heard M. Poirot's final word on the mysterious affair at Styles, you will be kept guessing at its solution and will most certainly never lay down this most entertaining book." Poirot was described as a "delightful little old man".

The novel's review in The Sunday Times of February 20, 1921, quoted the publisher's promotional blurb concerning Christie writing the book as the result of a bet that she would not be able to do so without the reader being able to guess the murderer, then said, "Personally we did not find the "spotting" so very difficult, but we are free to admit that the story is, especially for a first adventure in fiction, very well contrived, and that the solution of the mystery is the result of logical deduction. The story, moreover, has no lack of movement, and the several characters are well drawn."

The contributor who wrote his column under the pseudonym of "A Man of Kent" in the February 10, 1921, issue of the Christian newspaper The British Weekly praised the novel but was perhaps overly generous in giving away the identity of the murderers. To wit,

"It will rejoice the heart of all who truly relish detective stories, from Mr. McKenna downwards. I have heard that this is Miss Christie's first book, and that she wrote it in response to a challenge. If so, the feat was amazing, for the book is put together so deftly that I can remember no recent book of the kind, which approaches it in merit. It is well written, well proportioned, and full of surprises. When does the reader first suspect the murderer? For my part, I made up my mind from the beginning that the middle-aged husband of the old lady was in every way qualified to murder her, and I refused to surrender this conviction when suspicion of him is scattered for a moment. But I was not in the least degree prepared to find that his accomplice was the woman who pretended to be a friend. I ought to say, however, that an expert in detective stories with whom I discussed it, said he was convinced from the beginning that the true culprit was the woman whom the victim in her lifetime believed to be her staunchest friend. I hope I have not revealed too much of the plot. Lovers of good detective stories will, without exception, rejoice in this book." The Bodley Head quoted excerpts from this review in future books by Christie but understandably did not use those passages, which gave away the identity of the culprits.

In his book, A Talent to Deceive — An Appreciation of Agatha Christie, the writer and critic Robert Barnard wrote:

"Christie's debut novel, from which she made £25 and John Lane made goodness knows how much. The Big House in wartime, with privations, war work and rumours of spies. Her hand was over-liberal with clues and red herrings, but it was a highly cunning hand, even at this stage .... In general The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a considerable achievement for a first-off author. The country-house-party murder is a stereotype in the detective-story genre, which Christie makes no great use of. Not her sort of occasion, at least later in life, and perhaps not really her class. The family party is much more in her line, and this is what we have here. This is one of the few Christies anchored in time and space: we are in Essex, during the First World War. The family is kept together under one roof by the exigencies of war and of a matriarch demanding rather than tyrannical — not one of her later splendid monsters, but a sympathetic and lightly shaded characterization. If the lifestyle of the family still seems to us lavish, even wasteful, nevertheless we have the half sense that we are witnessing the beginning of the end of the Edwardian summer, that the era of country-house living has entered its final phase. Christie takes advantage of this end-of-an-era feeling in several ways: while she uses the full range of servants and their testimony, a sense of decline, of breakup is evident; feudal attitudes exist, but they crack easily. The marriage of the matriarch with a mysterious nobody is the central out-of-joint event in an intricate web of subtle changes. The family is lightly but effectively characterized, and on the outskirts of the story are the villagers, the small businessmen, and the surrounding farmers – the nucleus of Mayhem Parva. It is, too, a very clever story, with clues and red herrings falling thick and fast. We are entering the age when plans of the house were an indispensable aid to the aspirant solver of detective stories, and when cleverness was more important than suspense. But here we come to a problem that Agatha Christie has not yet solved, for cleverness over the long length easily becomes exhausting, and too many clues tend to cancel each other out, as far as reader interest is concerned. These were problems which Conan Doyle never satisfactorily overcame, but which Christie would.'."

Agatha Christie's Poirot
The Mysterious Affair at Styles was adapted as a 103-minute drama and transmitted on ITV in the UK on Sunday September 16, 1990 as a special episode in their series Agatha Christie's Poirot to celebrate the centenary of the author's birth. The adaptation was generally faithful to the novel. However, there were some differences.

Latvian television adaptation
The novel was adapted as a TV miniseries for Latvijas Televīzija, titled Slepkavība Stailzā. It was broadcast over 3 nights in 1990. Being a miniseries, with a total runtime of approximately 198 minutes, it included many details from the novel that were omitted from other shorter adaptations, and was generally faithful to the novel. Interestingly, the ending sequence follows Christie's original unpublished version, where Poirot makes his final revelations in the courtroom.

BBC Radio 4 Adaptation
The novel was adapted as a five part serial for BBC Radio 4 in 2005. John Moffatt reprised his role of Poirot. The serial was broadcast weekly from Monday, September 5 to Monday, October 3 at 11.30am to 12.00pm. All five episodes were recorded on Monday, April 4, 2005, at Bush House. This version retained the first-person narration by the character of Hastings.

Great Lakes Theater Touring Stage Adaptation
On February 14, 2012, Great Lakes Theater debuted a 65-minute stage adaptation as part of their educational programming. Adapted by David Hansen, this production is performed by a cast of five (3 M, 2 W) with most performers playing more than one role. Cleveland.com called this stage adaptation, "charming, funny and smart ... a quick-paced gem, and a thrill for any detective aficionado."

French television adaptation
It was adapted for an episode of Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie, which was broadcast in 2016. This version has many differences from the novel, but the core story is the same: a wealthy old woman is murdered by her husband together with her top business partner, who appear to hate each other but are secretly lovers. Certain aspects from the novel are retained, such as a disguise used to buy the poison with Evie impersonating Alfred, and Alfred's deliberate attempt to get himself arrested so that he can produce his alibi.

Publication history

 * 1920, John Lane (New York), October 1920, Hardcover, 296 pp
 * 1920, National Book Company, Hardcover, 296 pp
 * 1921, John Lane (The Bodley Head), January 21, 1921, Hardcover, 296 pp
 * 1926, John Lane (The Bodley Head), June 1926, Hardcover (Cheap edition - two shillings) 319 pp
 * 1931, John Lane (The Bodley Head, February 1931 (As part of the Agatha Christie Omnibus along with The Murder on the Links and Poirot Investigates), Hardcover (Priced at seven shillings and sixpence, a cheaper edition at five shillings was published in October 1932)
 * 1932, John Lane (The Bodley Head), July 1932, Paperback (ninepence)
 * 1935, Penguin Books, July 30, 1935, Paperback (sixpence), 255 pp
 * 1945, Avon Books (New York), Avon number 75, Paperback, 226 pp
 * 1954, Pan Books, Paperback (Pan number 310), 189 pp
 * 1959, Pan Books, Paperback (Great Pan G112)
 * 1961, Bantam Books (New York), Paperback, 154 pp
 * 1965, Longman (London), Paperback, 181 pp
 * 1976, Dodd, Mead and Company, (Commemorative Edition following Christie's death), Hardback, 239 pp ISBN 0-396-07224-0
 * 1988, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 208 pp ISBN 0-00-617474-4
 * 1989, Ulverscroft Large Print Edition, Hardcover, ISBN 0-7089-1955-3
 * 2007, Facsimile of 1921 UK first edition (HarperCollins), November 5, 2007, Hardcover, 296 pp ISBN 0-00-726513-1

The novel received its first true publication as an eighteen-part serialisation in The Times newspaper's Colonial Edition (aka The Weekly Times) from February 27 (Issue 2252) to June 26, 1920 (Issue 2269). This version of the novel mirrored the published version with no textual differences and included the maps and illustrations of handwriting examples used in the novel. At the end of the serialisation an advert appeared in the newspaper, which announced "This is a brilliant mystery novel, which has had the unique distinction for a first novel of being serialised in The Times Weekly Edition. Mr John Lane is now preparing a large edition in volume form, which will be ready immediately." Although another line of the advert stated that the book would be ready in August. In any event, it was first published by John Lane in the United States in October 1920 and was not published in the UK by The Bodley Head until the following year. Some sources state that the exact date of the UK publication was January 26, 1921, others state February 1. However, the English Catalogue of Books confirms the latter month of release.

The Mysterious Affair at Styles later made publishing history by being one of the first ten books to be published by Penguin Books when they were launched on July 30, 1935. The book was Penguin Number 6.

Dustjacket blurb
The blurb on the inside flap of the dustwrapper of the first edition reads: "This novel was originally written as the result of a bet, that the author, who had previously never written a book, could not compose a detective novel in which the reader would not be able to 'spot' the murderer, although having access to the same clues as the detective. The author has certainly won her bet, and in addition to a most ingenious plot of the best detective type she has introduced a new type of detective in the shape of a Belgian. This novel has had the unique distinction for a first book of being accepted by the Times as a serial for its weekly edition." The Mysterious Affair at Styles was the only first edition of Christie's to be published by The Bodley Head, which carried such a blurb on its dustwrapper.

International titles

 * Chinese (simplified): 斯泰尔斯庄园奇案 (The Mysterious Case at Styles)
 * Czech: Záhada na zámku Styles (The Mystery at Styles Mansion)
 * Danish: De låsede døre (The Locked Doors)
 * Dutch: De Zaak Styles (The Affair-Styles)
 * Croatian: Misteriozna Afera u Stylesu (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * French: La Mystérieuse Affaire de Styles (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * German: Das fehlende Glied in der Kette (The missing link in the chain), first edition in 1929: Das geheimnisvolle Verbrechen in Styles (The Mysterious Crime at Styles)
 * Hungarian: A titokzatos stylesi eset (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Indonesian: Misteri di Styles (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Italian: Poirot a Styles Court (Poirot in Styles Court), Poirot e il mistero di Styles Court (Poirot and the Styles Court Mystery)
 * Japanese: スタイルズ荘の怪事件 (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Polish: Tajemnicza historia w Styles (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Portuguese: O Misterioso Caso de Styles (The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Russian: Таинственное происшествие в Стайлз (=Tainstvennoe proisshestvie v Staylz, The Mysterious Affairs at Styles), Загадочное происшествие в Стайлзе (=Zagadochnoe proisshestvie v Staylze, The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Serbian: Мистериозна афера у Стајлсу (=Misteriozna afera u Stajlsu, The Mysterious Affair at Styles)
 * Spanish: El misterioso Caso de Styles (The mysterious Case at Styles)
 * Swedish: En dos stryknin (A dose of strychnine)
 * Turkish: Ölüm sessiz geldi (Death came silently)